Ebook Learning PHP and MySQL 2nd Edition

Ebook Learning PHP and MySQL 2nd Edition

Learning-PHP-and-MySQL-2nd-Edition
Learning PHP and MySQL, Second Edition
by Michele E. Davis and Jon A. Phillips

Table of Contents Learning PHP and MySQL

Preface  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ix
1. Dynamic Content and the Web  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
HTTP and the Internet 1
PHP and MySQL’s Place in Web Development 2
The Components of a PHP Application 4
Integrating Many Sources of Information 7
Requesting Data from a Web Page 11
2. Installation  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
Developing Locally 15
Working Remotely 35
3. Exploring PHP . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  . . . . . 39
PHP and HTML Text 39
Coding Building Blocks 43
4. PHP Decision-Making  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . 62
Expressions 62
Operator Concepts 64
Conditionals 71
Looping 77
5. Functions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. .  . . . . . . . . 85
Calling Functions 87
Defining Functions 89
Object-Oriented Programming 96vi | Table of Contents
6. Arrays . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 107
Array Fundamentals 107
7. Working with MySQL . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 122
MySQL Database 122
Managing the Database 125
Using phpMyAdmin 126
Database Concepts 131
Structured Query Language 132
8. Database Best Practices  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 146
Database Design 146
Backing Up and Restoring Data 155
Advanced SQL 159
9. Getting PHP to Talk to MySQL  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 179
The Process 180
Querying the Database with PHP Functions 180
Using PEAR 190
10. Working with Forms  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 199
Building a Form 199
Templates 218
11. Practical PHP . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 223
String Functions 223
Date and Time Functions 233
File Manipulation 238
Calling System Calls 249
12. XHTML  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 251
Why XHTML? 253
XHTML and XML Namespaces 254
XHTML Versions 254
Generating XHTML with PHP 261
13. Modifying MySQL Objects and PHP Data  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 263
Changing Database Objects from PHP 263
Manipulating Table Data 266
Displaying Results with Embedded Links 267Table of Contents | vii
Presenting a Form to Add and Process in One File 270
Updating Data 276
Deleting Data 277
Performing a Subquery 282
14. Cookies, Sessions, and Access Control . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 285
Cookies 285
PHP and HTTP Authentication 288
Sessions 294
Using Auth_HTTP to Authenticate 301
15. Security  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 307
Session Security 316
16. Validation and Error Handling . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 325
Validating User Input with JavaScript 325
Pattern Matching 329
Redisplaying a Form After PHP Validation Fails 333
17. Sample Application  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 339
Configuration File 340
Page Framework 340
Database 343
Displaying a Postings Summary 346
Displaying a Posting and Its Comments 349
Adding and Changing Posts 352
Adding and Changing Comments 358
18. Finishing Your Journey  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 366
PHP Coding Standards 366
PEAR 371
Frameworks 372
Ajax 373
Wikis 373
Finding Help on the Web 373
Appendix.    Solutions to Chapter Questions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 377
Index  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  391

To the average user, a web page is a web page. It opens in the browser and provides information. Looking closer, though, some pages stay mostly the same, while other pages change regularly. Pages that don’t change—static pages—are relatively simple to create. Someone has to create an HTML document, by hand or with tools, and upload it to a site where web browsers can visit. One of the most common tools to create HTML documents is Adobe Dreamweaver. When changes are needed, you just replace the old file with a new one. Dynamic pages are also built with HTML, but instead of a simple build-and-post approach, the pages are updated regularly, sometimes every time that they are requested.
Static sites provide hyperlinked text and perhaps a login screen, but beyond that, they don’t offer much interaction. By contrast, Amazon.com demonstrates much of what a dynamic web site can do: your ordering data is logged, and Amazon offers recommendations based on your purchasing history when you access their page. In other words, dynamic means that the user interacts with the web site beyond just reading pages, and the web site responds accordingly. Every page is a personalized experience.
Creating dynamic web pages—even a few years ago—meant writing a lot of code in the C or Perl languages, and then calling and executing those programs through a process called a Common Gateway Interface (CGI). Having to create executable files wasn’t much fun, and neither was learning a whole new complicated language.
Thankfully, PHP and MySQL make creating dynamic web sites easier and faster.

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